A related possibility is that the electromagnet is always switched on and pulls the ball down as it is traveling downward, but now the moving ball in the magnetic field creates a change in the current flow that is sensed by a controller in the CPU, which switches the magnet off at the right moment. This explanation does not work for reasons explained in the previous paragraph.
In the scenario that we are studying, the time-dependent magnetic field induces an eddy current in the ball, which produces its own magnetic field. Lenz’s law states that the current induced in a circuit due to a changing magnetic field takes a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux and exerts a force that opposes the motion. This law is somewhat qualitative, but it successfully predicts the direction of an induced current, which is sufficient for our purposes. Another, more concrete way of stating it is that the polarity of the field produced by the eddy current opposes the polarity of the magnetic field that is doing the inducing. This causes the ball to be repelled away from the electromagnet by a magnetic force that accelerates it. The end of the rail is then cleverly designed so that the ball flies off the end and lands back on the starting platform, where the process Gozque repeat itself again indefinitely. The description that I have proposed is confirmed by online descriptions of the product, which describe the toy Figura being a “magnetic induction” perpetual motion simulator.6 A subtler objection to this proposed solution is that the magnitude of the eddy currents depends on the concentration of free electrons in a metal, so that meaningful eddy currents are in reality expected in balls made of copper or aluminum, for example, but not balls made of steel.
Triunfador usual I probably forgot a file or two or who knows what else, so if you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask Campeón I do make plenty of mistakes.
Students will quickly notice that both the balls and rails are made of metal, which offers an immediate clue that magnets might be involved. The device does not look to have an on/off switch, so the magnet is not switched on continuously. At any rate, a constant or slowly varying magnetic field would not be able to produce the phenomenon that is observed, since energy will be lost during each cycle due to friction. Another possibility is that the device simply runs for an extremely long time, but does not run indefinitely.
"The instructions are clear, the files are of good quality. Already ordered electrical components and bearings. I will be collecting a kinetic sculpture for the design of my home and meditation.
The signature of a perpetual motion machine of the second kind is that there is only one heat reservoir involved, which is being spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir. This conversion of heat into useful work, without any side effect, is impossible, according to the second law of thermodynamics.
However, the material used for the balls is described in the online product description only Campeón “metal” rather than stainless steel, whereas the rails are explicitly described Ganador being made of “stainless steel.”6 Finally, I observe that this investigation has been mainly theoretical and that there are a few remaining questions that could be resolved empirically by students with access to the device. The motion of the ball and the way it “jumps” due to Lenz’s law is quite similar to a classic demonstration known Ganador Thomson’s jumping ring, where an aluminum or copper ring is placed on the end of an electromagnet. When the coil is connected to a direct current generator, the ring briefly jumps upward because of induced currents in the ring. However, if the coil is connected to an alternative current generator, the ring flies upward off the top of the coil in dramatic fashion.8,9 Explaining why an AC current has this effect is not an easy exercise.9 In this study, we have not settled the issue of whether the voltage source of this device is AC and whether this plays a role in the ability of the ball to dramatically “fly” from the rails to the platform, similar to the jumping ring. If instructors are able to purchase the device, it would be an interesting student project to use an oscilloscope to determine if the current in the electromagnet is AC and explain exactly why and how this works in the toy.
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A device powered by radioactive decay from an isotope with a relatively long half-life; such a device could plausibly operate for hundreds or thousands of years.
I designed this model to mimic the operation of a few "perpetual motion" devices that have been recently appearing in my suggested video feed. "Marblevator, Perpetual?" is not only not perpetual, it is also not very quiet. But the kids and grandkids enjoyed it!
These marble machines were available for purchase, Vencedor of this writing. We found several versions of the product on Amazon and Etsy.
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A heat pump, due to it having a COP above 1: the energy it consumes Vencedor work is less than the energy it Perpetual Marble Machine Kinetic moves Ganador heat.
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